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In the early 1980s, Luis Alvarez and his colleagues added a new dimension to Darwin's theory of evolution. With evidence from studies of the earth's crust between the cretacious and tertiary layers, they postulated that the traditional slow, gradual mutation of species over eons was also punctuated with occasional major changes, often catastrophic, that caused leaps in evolution in relatively short “moments” of history. The extinction of the dinosaurs and half the other animal species alive between the cretacious and tertiary periods of earth's history was one such momentous change, forever altering the evolution of animal species.

Over the past eight years, the MELVYL catalog has become one of the largest public access catalogs in the world, and now plays a central role in providing access to the library resources of the University of California. Currently, under heavy load, the MELVYL catalog supports many hundreds of simultaneous terminal connections, servicing over a quarter of a million queries a week and displaying more than two million records a week to its user community. This article discusses the history of the network that has supported the MELVYL catalog from the early days of its prototype to the present. It also describes both the current technical and policy issues that must be addressed as the network moves into the 1990s, and the roles that the network is coming to play in integrating local automation, the union catalog, access to resource databases, and other initiatives. Sidebars discuss the TCP/IP protocol suite, internet protocol gateways, and Telenet and related inter‐operability problems.

Libraries are increasingly active on the Internet. Internet access allows libraries to retrieve and disseminate information electronically (often at no cost), communicate with other libraries and librarians through discussion groups, access images of unique materials, as well as offer Internet access to their communities. This article briefly describes some of these services, offers specific guidelines for choosing an Internet service provider, summarizes services provided by several firms, and recommends sources for further information.

This update concerns various recent developments which make it much more affordable and easier than before to access digital audio and video. Typically all that you require are a standard modem, an Internet connection and low‐cost or even free‐of‐charge software.

Presents a special issue, enlisting the help of the author’s students and colleagues, focusing on age, sex, colour and disability discrimination in America. Breaks the evidence down into manageable chunks, covering: age discrimination in the workplace; discrimination against African‐Americans; sex discrimination in the workplace; same sex sexual harassment; how to investigate and prove disability discrimination; sexual harassment in the military; when the main US job‐discrimination law applies to small companies; how to investigate and prove racial discrimination; developments concerning race discrimination in the workplace; developments concerning the Equal Pay Act; developments concerning discrimination against workers with HIV or AIDS; developments concerning discrimination based on refusal of family care leave; developments concerning discrimination against gay or lesbian employees; developments concerning discrimination based on colour; how to investigate and prove discrimination concerning based on colour; developments concerning the Equal Pay Act; using statistics in employment discrimination cases; race discrimination in the workplace; developments concerning gender discrimination in the workplace; discrimination in Japanese organizations in America; discrimination in the entertainment industry; discrimination in the utility industry; understanding and effectively managing national origin discrimination; how to investigate and prove hiring discrimination based on colour; and, finally, how to investigate sexual harassment in the workplace.

Presents over sixty abstracts summarising the 1999 Employment Research Unit annual conference held at the University of Cardiff. Explores the multiple impacts of globalization on work and employment in contemporary organizations. Covers the human resource management implications of organizational responses to globalization. Examines the theoretical, methodological, empirical and comparative issues pertaining to competitiveness and the management of human resources, the impact of organisational strategies and international production on the workplace, the organization of labour markets, human resource development, cultural change in organisations, trade union responses, and trans‐national corporations. Cites many case studies showing how globalization has brought a lot of opportunities together with much change both to the employee and the employer. Considers the threats to existing cultures, structures and systems.

Gives an in depth view of the strategies pursued by the world’s leading chief executive officers in an attempt to provide guidance to new chief executives of today. Considers the marketing strategies employed, together with the organizational structures used and looks at the universal concepts that can be applied to any product. Uses anecdotal evidence to formulate a number of theories which can be used to compare your company with the best in the world. Presents initial survival strategies and then looks at ways companies can broaden their boundaries through manipulation and choice. Covers a huge variety of case studies and examples together with a substantial question and answer section.

Most educators recognize that social studies methods courses emphasize connecting knowledge to life, through experiential learning and actions based on individual and civic values. The authors developed a required participation lesson for secondary methods students to assure that future teachers had personally experienced and evaluated a civic service learning activity. A goal was to motivate these pre-service teachers to include such experiences in their future teaching with middle or high school students. The pre-service teachers established their own way of being actively involved in the election process in a manner that complimented their interests and complex schedules. This paper describes the assignment and its related discussions. Evidence of personal experiences and reactions from students’ reflection papers is presented describing newly gained perspectives about how exhaustive and significant the election process is. Pre-service teachers’ written reflections indicated they considered this experience critical for future social studies teachers.

This study presents an investigation of the long and short‐term co‐movements between different hedge fund strategy indices and the stock markets of France, Germany, Japan, North America and the UK. To analyse relationships among these price indices, the EngleGranger methodology, based on bivariate testing for cointegration, and correlation analysis are conducted. The question of long‐term dependence instead of short‐term consideration is of particular interest, because portfolio optimization is based upon the cointegration of prices, rather than the correlation of returns. However, as is generally known, there is an information loss when returns are used instead of prices. Results indicate that there exists no station ary, long‐term relationship between the two as set groups. The overall suggestion is that opportunities exist to diversify an international portfolio by taking hedge funds into account. Moreover, this applies not only in terms of a limited time period, but also in the long‐run. Besides this main result, the augmented Dickey‐Fuller test statistics for cointegration residuals show quite different behaviour in comparison to the correlation co efficients. The values of the test statistics show that there seems to be a weaker tendency towards long‐term interrelation between hedge fund strategies and the US stock market. This applies even though average correlation co efficients among these assets exceed those of other combinations between stock and hedge fund indices.